Digital Transformation in Public Service Delivery: A Narrative Review of Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46977/amt.2026.v06i03.001Keywords:
Developing Countries, Digital Transformation, Public Service DeliveryAbstract
Digital transformation has become a global priority for enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency, and inclusivity of public service delivery. While developed countries have leveraged advanced technologies to optimize governance systems, developing nations are increasingly embracing digital initiatives to address persistent service gaps. However, contextual challenges such as infrastructure deficits, low digital literacy, and governance constraints complicate this process. This manuscript examines the opportunities and challenges associated with digital transformation in public service delivery in developing countries, highlighting the transformative potential of emerging technologies and the barriers impeding successful implementation. A narrative review of peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and case studies published between 2010 and 2025 was conducted. Literature was synthesized to identify recurring themes, opportunities, and constraints in digital transformation initiatives within developing country contexts. Findings indicate that digital transformation offers opportunities such as increased accessibility, transparency, efficiency, and citizen empowerment. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including inadequate ICT infrastructure, digital divides, limited financial resources, institutional resistance to change, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Case evidence from Africa, South Asia, and Latin America underscores the uneven pace of adoption and the importance of contextual adaptability. Digital transformation represents both a promise and a predicament for public service delivery in developing countries. While it has the potential to bridge governance gaps and foster inclusive growth, its success depends on strategic investments in digital infrastructure, human capital development, regulatory frameworks, and trust-building mechanisms. Policymakers must adopt holistic, context-sensitive approaches that balance technological innovation with inclusivity, equity, and sustainability. International cooperation, public–private partnerships, and citizen-centric models will be critical for advancing digital transformation in public service delivery across developing regions.
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